"Whoever is turned back by At-Tiyarah (bad omens) has committed Shirk" They asked, "What makes the atonement for such a sin?" The Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) answered, "To say: 'O Lord, there is no good except the good which You bestow. There is no evil except the evil which You decree. And there is no true God except You.' "
Fadl bin Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) is reported to have said:
"At-Tiyarah is that which causes you to carry something out or that turns you back (from your mission)." (Musnad Ahmad)
Important issues of the Chapter
1) Reminding the meanings of the verses:
"Verily, these evil omens are with Allah but most of them know not" (7:31)
"Your evil omens be with you" (36: 19). 2) Repudiation of contagion of disease. 3) Negation of any bad omen (no At-Tiyarah) 4) Repudiation of Hamah (Omen in the night-bird i.e. owl). 5) Negation of any bad omen in the month of Safar. 6) A/-Fa'/ is not prohibited but in fact it is desirable. 7) Explanation of A/-Fa'/ in detail. 8) There is no harm if such suspicion falls on the hearts while disliking it. Indeed, Allah will provide safety, due to deep trust in Him. 9) What should be said if such feelings occur. 10) Declaration that At-Tiyarah is Shirk. 11) Explanation of blameworthy and condemned At-Tiyarah. CHAPTER No: 29 What is said regarding Astrology (At- Tanjeem)
Imam Al-Bukhari recorded in his Sahih that Qamdah (May Allah be pleased with him) said: "Allah created the stars for three purposes: (1) As ornaments of the heavens; (2) As missiles against the devils; (3) As signposts for the guidance of travelers. Whoever interprets otherwise is mistaken. Such a person is to lose his Teward (on the Day of Resurrection), and takes upon himself that which is outside his knowledge."
Harb has reported that the learning of the lunar phases was permitted by Ahmad and Ishaque, discouraged by Qatadah and prohibited by 'Uyainah.
Abu Musa (May Allah be pleased with him) is reported to have said that Allah's Messenger (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) said:
"Three (types of people) will not enter Paradise: (1) The habitual wine (alcohol) drinker; (2) The believer in sorcery (and astrology is among it); (3) The one who severs blood relations." [Ahmad, and Ibn Hibban has mentioned this Hadith in his Sahih].
Important issues of the Chapter
1) The wisdom of creating the stars. 2) The refutation of those who claim otherwise. 3) Mention of the difference of opinions regarding study of the lunar phases. 4) The punishment promised for those who believed in any aspect of sorcery though knowing fully well that sorcery is falsehood. CHAPTER No: 30 Seeking Rain through the Lunar Phases (Constellation)
Allah the Most Exalted said:
"And instead (of thanking Allah) for the provision He gives you, on the contrary, you deny Him (by disbelief) (and say that we have rained because of such and such lunar phase and such and such star)!" (56:82)
Abu Malik AI-Ash'ari (May Allah be pleased with him) narrated Allah's Messenger (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) as saying:
"My Ummah will not abandon four undesirable matters from the Period of Ignorance (period previous to Islam). They are: (1) Over pridefulness in ancestors; (2) Defaming or slandering someone's lineage; (3) Seeking rain according to the stars, i.e. believing that falling star causes the rain on the earth; and (4) Lamentation and wailing of women for the dead." He (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) further said, "If the bewailing woman does not repent before her death, she will be raised on the Day of the Resurrection covered with a dress of liquid pitch, and a cloak of itches." (Muslim) Narrated Zaid bin Khalid (May Allah be pleased with him)
Allah's Messenger (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) ~ led us in the Fair prayer at Hudaibiyah after a rainy night. On completion of the Salat (prayer), he faced the people and said, "Do you know what your Lord (May Allah be pleased with him) has said (revealed)?" The people replied, "Allah and His Messenger know better." He said, "Allah has said, 'In this morning, some of Ibadi (My slaves) remained as true believers and some became disbelievers; whoever said that the rain was due to the blessings and the mercy of Allah is the one who believes in Me and he disbelieves in the star, and whoever said that it rained because of a particular star, is a disbeliever in Me and believer in the star.' " (Al-Bukhari and Muslim)
Al-Bukhari and Muslim also have a similar Hadith from Ibn Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) where it has been said that Allah revealed the following verses (Surah Waqi'ah 56:75- 82); when some said that it rained because of such and such a star:
"So I swear by Mawaqi (setting or the mansions etc.) of the stars (they traverse). And verily, that is indeed a great oath, if you but know. That (this) is indeed an honourable recital (the Noble Qur'an). In a Book well-guarded (with Allah in the heaven i.e. Al-Lauh Al-Mahfuz). Which (that Book with Allah) none can touch but those who are pure from sins (i.e. the angels). A Revelation (this Qur'an) from the Lord of the 'Alamin (mankind, jinns and all that exists). It is such a talk (this Qur'an) that you (disbelievers) deny? And instead (of thanking Allah) for the provision He gives you, on the contrary, you deny Him (by disbelief)!" Important issues of the Chapter
1) Explanation of the verses in Al-Waqi 'ah (56: 75-82). 2) The four undesirable customs of the pre-Islamic period. 3) The Kufr (disbelief) contained in some of them. 4) That some acts of disbelief do not expel one from the religion (of Islam). 5) The Statement of Allah "In this morning, some of Ibddi (my slaves) remained as true believers and some became disbelievers..." due to the favor bestowed upon them (of rain). 6) The understanding of Iman in such a circumstance. 7) The understanding of Kufr (disbelief) in such a circumstance. 8) The understanding of his statement in response to some who verified: "It rained because of such and such star." 9) The scholar's teaching to students by way of a question to explain the issue as the Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) said: "Do you know what your Lord (May Allah be pleased with him) has said (revealed)?" 10) Punishment promised to the bewailing women. CHAPTER No: 31 (Love for Allah)
Allah the Most Exalted said:
"And of mankind are some who take (for worship) others besides Allah as rivals (to Allah). They love them as they love Allah." (2: 165)
Allah Almighty said:
"Say: If your fathers, your sons, your brothers, your wives, your kindred; the wealth that you have gained, the commerce in which you fear a decline, and the dwellings in which you delight ...are dearer to you than Allah and His Messenger, and striving hard and fighting in His Cause, then wait until Allah brings about His Decision (torment)." (9:24)
Anas (May Allah be pleased with him) narrated that Allah's Messenger (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) said:
"None of you becomes a believer till he loves me more than his father, and his children and all mankind." (Al-Bukhari & Muslim)
Anas (May Allah be pleased with him) also narrated that the Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) said:
"Whoever possesses the following three (qualities), will have the sweetness (delight) of Faith: (1) The one to whom Allah (May Allah be pleased with him) and His Messenger (Muhammad (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) ) are more beloved than anything else; (2) The one who loves another only for Allah's sake; (3) The one who hates to convert to disbelief after Allah has rescued him from it, as he hates to be thrown into the fire." (Al-Bukhari and Muslim)
In another version the above-mentioned Hadith begins with the words:
"No one will find the sweetness of Iman (Belief) until and unless ..."
Ibn Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) said:
"Whoever loves for the sake of Allah, and hates for the sake of Allah, and befriends for the sake of Allah and shows enmity for the sake of Allah, would get Allah's friendship. Without abiding by this, no one can get the real taste (sweetness) of Iman (Belief) though he may have been a frequent offerer of prayer (Saifit) and fasts. Today people keep relationship, and love only for some worldly reason but this will not provide them any benefit (on the Day of Judgement)." [Ibn Jarir (May Allah be pleased with him) mentioned this Hadith.]
In interpreting the verse:
"Then all their relations will be cut off from them." (2:166)
Ibn Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) said it means "love."
Important issues of the Chapter
1) Explanation of the verse in AI-Baqarah (2:165). 2) Explanation of the verse in At-Taubah (9:24). 3) We must love Prophet Muhammad (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) more than ourselves, families, and wealth. 4) Denial of Iman does not mean going out of Islam. 5) Iman has a sweetness that is sometimes tasted by a person and sometimes not. 6) No one can get the friendship of Allah and relish of Iman until and unless he possesses four "actions" of the heart: (1) Love for the sake of Allah; (2) Hate for the sake of Allah; (3) Friendship for the sake of Allah; (4) Enmity for the sake of Allah. 7) The Companions' understanding of the reality that people in general feel fraternity for worldly reasons. 8) Explanation of the verse: "Then all their relations will be cut off from them"(2:166). 9) Some polytheists do love Allah intensely. 10) The threat of punishment for the person who loves more the "eight" than his religion. The "eight" being: ancestors, descendants, brothers, spouses, clan, wealth, trade and habitat. 11) Whoever takes a partner (to Allah) for whom he has as much love as he has for Allah, has committed major Shirk. CHAPTER No: 32 (Fear of Allah Alone)
Allah the Most Exalted said:
"It is only Satan that suggests to you the fear of his 'AuIiya [supporters and friends (polytheists, disbelievers in the Oneness of Allah and in His Messenger Muhammad (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) so fear them not, but fear me, if you are (true) believers." (3:175)
Allah the Almighty stated:
"The Mosques of Allah shall be maintained only by those who believe in Allah and the Last Day; offer prayers perfectly (Iqamat-as-SaIat), and give Zakat and fear none but Allah. It is they who are expected to be on true guidance." (9: 18)
Allah (May Allah be pleased with him) said:
"Of mankind are some who say: 'We believe in Allah', but if they are made to suffer for the sake of Allah, they consider the trial of mankind as Allah's punishment." (29:10)
Abu Sa'id (May Allah be pleased with him) narrated the following Marfu' Hadith:
"It is the weakness of certainty (complete Faith) to seek pleasure of others by displeasing Allah and to praise others for the livelihood which was provided by Allah and to blame others for the thing not bestowed by Allah. Not even the greediness of the most greedy person can bring the livelihood of Allah, and not even anybody's aversion can prevent it." [Reported by Abu Nu'aim in Al-Hilyah].
`Ai shah (May Allah be pleased with him) narrated that Allah's Messenger (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) said:
"Whoever seeks Allah's pleasure at the cost of men's displeasure, will win the pleasure of Allah and Allah will cause men to be pleased with him. Whoever seeks to please men at the cost of Allah's displeasure, will win the displeasure of Allah, and Allah will cause men to be displeased with Him." [Reported by Ibn Hibban in his Sahih]. Important issues of the Chapter
1) Explanation of the verse in Al-'Imran (3:175). 2) Explanation of the verse in At-Bara’ ah (At- Taubah) (9:.18). 3) Explanation of the verse in Al-'Ankabut (29: 10). 4) There is a fluctuation in the Faith, it gets weak and strengthens, 5) The signposts of a decline in the strength of Iman. Three of them are mentioned. 6) Devoting fear to Allah only is a duty (in Islam). 7) The reward of a person who fears Allah Alone with utmost sincerity. 8) The punishment of a person who does not have fear of Allah. CHAPTER No: 33 (Put your Trust in Allah)
Allah the Almighty said:
"Put your trust in Allah if you are believers indeed." (5:23)
He the Most Exalted said:
"The believers are only those who, when Allah is mentioned, feel a fear in their hearts and when His Verses (this Qur'an) are recited unto them, they (i.e., the verses) increase their Faith; and they put their trust in their Lord (Alone)." (8:2)
He said:
"O Prophet (Muhammad (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) ) Allah is sufficient for you and for the believers who follow you." (8:64)
He said:
"And whosoever puts his trust in Allah, then He will suffice him." (65:3)
Narrated Ibn Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him)
"Allah (Alone) is sufficient for us, and He is the Best Disposer of affairs (for us)," was said by Ibrahim (May Allah be pleased with him) when he was thrown into the fire; and it was said by Muhammad (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) when they (i.e. hypocrites) said, "Verily the people (pagans) have gathered against you (a great army), therefore, fear them, but it only increased them in Faith". (Al-Bukhari and An-Nasa'i)
Important issues of the Chapter
1) To have trust (Tawakkul) in Allah, is a religious duty. 2) Trust upon Allah (Tawakkul) is a condition of Faith (Iman). 3) Explanation of the verse in Al-Anfal (8:2). 4) Explanation of the verse in Al-Anfal (8:64). 5) Explanation of the verse in Al-Talaq (65:3). 6) Importance of the words "Allah (Alone) is sufficient for us and He is the Best Disposer of affairs (for us)." These were the words said by Ibrahim (May Allah be pleased with him) and Prophet Muhammad (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) at the time of distress. CHAPTER No: 34 (To feel secure against the Plan of Allah contradicts Tauhid)
Allah the Most Exalted said:
"Did they then feel secure against the Plan of Allah? None feels secure from the Plan of Allah except the people who are lost." (7:99)
He the Almighty said:
"Who despairs of the Mercy of his Lord except those who are astray?" (15:56)
Narrated Ibn Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him)
Allah's Messenger (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) was asked concerning major sins then he (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) said, "(1) Associating others with Allah; (2) To lose hope of relief from Allah and (3) Thinking oneself secure from the Plan of Allah,"
Abdur-Razzaq reports from Ibn Mas'ud (May Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) said:
The greatest of the major sins is Shirk -associating others with Allah, thinking oneself secure from the Plan of Allah, to despair of the Mercy of Allah, and lose hope of Allah's Relief" .
Important issues of the Chapter
1) Explanation of the verse in Al-A'raf (7:99) 2) Explanation of the verse in Al-Hijr (15:56). 3) The severity of punishment promised for the one who thinks himself safe from the Plan of Allah. 4) The severe punishment promised for the one who despairs of the Mercy of Allah. CHAPTER No: 35 A part of Iman (Belief) in Allah is the forbearance with what Allah has decreed
Allah the Almighty said:
"And whosoever believes in Allah, He guides his heart [to the true Faith with certainty i.e. what has befallen him was already written for him by Allah from the Qadar (Divine Preordainment)] and Allah is the All-Knower of everything." (64:11)
Alqamah (May Allah be pleased with him) said: "He (the person referred to in the foregoing verse) is the man who, when struck by an affliction, knows that it is from Allah, accepts it and submits to Him."
Muslim in his Sahih, reported from Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) that Allah's Messenger (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) said:
"Two matters among people amount to disbelief: attacking or defaming one's lineage, and bewailing the deceased." Narrated Ibn Mas'ud (May Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) said:
"He who slaps the cheeks, tears the clothes and calls to or follows the ways and traditions of the Days of Ignorance, is not from us." (Al-Bukhari and Muslim)
Anas (May Allah be pleased with him) narrated that Allah's Messenger (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) said:
"Whenever Allah wills good for His slave, He hastens to punish him in this life; and when He wills evil for His slave, He withholds punishing him for his sins until he comes before Him on the Day of Judgement."
At- Tirmidhi reported that the Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) said:
"The greatness of the reward is tied to the greatness of the trial. When Allah loves a people, He puts them to the trial. Whoever is acceptant of it will have Allah's acceptance and whoever is displeased and unacceptant with it will gain Allah's displeasure." Important issues of the Chapter
1) Explanation of the verse in Surah At-Taghabun (64:11). 2) This (i.e. acceptance to Allah's Decree) is part of proper Faith (Iman) in Allah. 3) Disparaging lineage. 4) Intensity of punishment promised to those who slap the cheeks in anguish and tear the clothes and call to the ways of the Days of Ignorance. 5) The sign that Allah wants good for His slave. 6) The sign that Allah wants bad for him. 7) The sign of love of Allah for His worshipper. 8) Forbiddance of being displeased and unacceptant (of Allah's Decree). 9) The merit and reward of being acceptant of tests and trials. CHAPTER No: 36 Forbiddance of Showing Off
Allah the Most Exalted said:
"Say (O Muhammad (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) ): I am only a man like you. It has been inspired to me that your Ilah (God) is One Ilah (God -i.e. Allah). So whoever hopes for the Meeting with his Lord, let him work righteousness and associate none as a partner in the worship of his Lord." (18:110)
Muslim reported the following Marfu` Hadith from Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) that Allah (May Allah be pleased with him) said:
"I am most independent and free from needing associates. Whoever performs a deed while associating partners with Me (doing so for others along with Me) I will leave him, along with his setting up of associates to Me (Shirk)."
Ahmad reported the following Marfu' Hadith from Abu Sa'id (Al-Khudri (May Allah be pleased with him)) that the Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) said:
"Shall I not tell you what I fear for you more than the false Messiah?" The Companions (May Allah be pleased with him) said, "Indeed, O Messenger of Allah," He said, "Inconspicuous Shirk, as, when a .person improves his rendering of the Salat when he knows that others are watching."
Important issues of the Chapter
1) Explanation of the verse in Sural Al-Kahf (18: 110). 2) The great issue that good deed, if it was joined other with Allah in any way, is fully rejected. 3) Allah's absolute self-sufficiency is the reason (of the rejection of the good deed, if it is not done purely for Him). 4) Another reason is that He is the Best than those who are given share in worship (i.e. false deities of disbelievers). 5) The fear, the Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) had of Riya', for his Companions (May Allah be pleased with him) 6) He explained Riya' by expressing the state of a person performing prayer for Allah, but he improves his rendering of the Salat when he knows that others are looking at him. CHAPTER No: 37 It is of Shirk to perform a (righteous) deed for worldly reasons
Allah the Most Exalted said:
"Whosoever desires the life of the world and its glitter; to them we shall pay in full (the wages of) their deeds therein and they will have no diminution therein. They are those for whom there is nothing in the Hereafter but the Fire; and vain are the deeds they did therein. And of no effect is that which they used to do." (11: 15,16)
Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) said:
"Let the slave of Dinar and Dirham, and Khamisa (i.e. money and luxurious clothes) perish as he is pleased if these things are given to him, and if not, he is displeased. Let such a person perish and relapse, and if he is pierced with a thorn, let him not find anyone to take it out for him. Tuba (all kinds of happiness, or a tree in Paradise) is for him who holds the reins of his horse to strive in Allah's Cause, with his hair unkempt and feet covered with dust: if he is appointed in the vanguard, he is perfectly satisfied with his post of guarding, and if he is appointed in the rearguard, he accepts his post with satisfaction; (he is so simple and unambitious that) if he asks for permission (before a ruler) he is not permitted, and if he intercedes, his intercession is not accepted (because of his simplicity)."
Important issues of the Chapter
1) Man's desire for the worldly gains on the pretext of the acting for the Hereafter. 2) Explanation of the verses in Surah Hud (11:15,16). 3) Naming the Muslim the slave of Dinar and Dirham and Khamisa (i.e. money and luxurious clothes). 4) The explanation of that by the fact that "he is pleased if these things are given to him, and if not, he is displeased." 5) Meaning of the words: "Let such a person perish and relapse." (Ta'isa, Intakasa). 6) Meaning of the words: "and if he is pierced with a thorn, let him not find anyone to take it out for him." 7) The praise upon the Mujahid who can be attributed with the characterization (in the Hadith). CHAPTER No: 38 Whoever obeys the Scholars and the Rulers, forbidding what Allah has made permissible and permitting what He has made forbidden, has certainly taken them as Lords (besides Allah)
Ibn Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) said:
"(It may be that) Stones are soon to descend upon you from the heavens! I say to you: 'Allah's Messenger (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) said...' and you say to me: 'Abu Bakr and Umar said!?"
Ahmad bin Hanbal (May Allah be pleased with him) said: I am astonished at a people who know the chain of transmission (of a Hadith) and its authenticity but nevertheless follow the opinion of Sufyan (Ath-Thauri) while Allah the Most High says:
"Let those who oppose his (the Messenger's) commandment (orders, statements, etc.) beware, lest some Fitnah (disbelief, affliction) befall them or a painful torment be inflicted on them." (24:63)
Do you know what the Fitnah is? Al-Fitnah is Shirk. May be the rejection of some of his words would cause one to have doubt and deviation in his heart and thereby be destroyed.
It is narrated from Adi bin Hatim (May Allah be pleased with him) :
I heard the Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) read this verse: "They (Jews and Christians) took their rabbis and their monks to be their lords besides Allah, and Messiah -son of Maryam, while they were commanded to worship none but One Ilah (God Allah) La ilaha illa Huwa (none has the right to be worshipped but He). Praise and glory be to Him, (far above is He) from having the partners they associate (with Him)". (9:31) So I said to him (May Allah be pleased with him)' "Verily, we did not worship them," to which he replied, "Did they not make Haram what Allah made Halal so you then made it Haram, and (did they not) make Halal what Allah made Haram and you therefore made it Halal?" I said, "Yes." He said, "That is worshipping them." [Reported by Ahmad and At- Tirmidhi who graded it as Hasan (fair).]
Important issues of the Chapter
1) Explanation of the verse in Surat An-Nur (24:63). 2) Explanation of the verse in Surat Al-Bara'ah (or At-Taubah) (9:31). 3) Pointing out the meaning of worship that was initially denied by Adi (May Allah be pleased with him) 4) The example given, of Abu Bakr and Umar, by Ibn Abbas; and Ahmad's example of Sufyan. 5) Conditions have changed to the point that the worship of monks has become the best of deeds under the name of A/-Wi/ayah (sainthood), while the worship of learned men in religion is considered knowledge and understanding. Thereafter, conditions changed to the point that those worshipped besides Allah were not even righteous, and those were also worshipped who were absolutely illiterate. CHAPTER No: 39 (Seeking judgement from other than Allah and His Messenger is hypocrisy)
Allah the Most Exalted said:
"Have you seen those (hypocrites) who claim that they believe in that which has been sent down to you, and that which was sent down before you, and they wish to go for judgement (in their disputes) to the Taghut (false judges etc.) while they have been ordered to reject them? But Satan wishes to lead them far astray." (4:60)
"And when it is said to them: "Come to what Allah has sent down and to the Messenger (Muhammad P.BU.H)," you (Muhammad P.B.U.H,) see the hypocrites turn away from you (Muhammad P.B.U.H) with aversion." (4:61)
"How then, when a catastrophe befalls them because of what their hands have sent forth, they come to you swearing by Allah, "We meant no more than goodwill and conciliation!" (4:62)
He the Almighty said:
"And when it is said to them: 'Make not mischief on the earth,' they say: 'We are only peace- makers.' " (2:11)
Allah the Exalted said:
"And do not do mischief on the earth, after it has been set in order, and invoke Him with fear and hope; Surely, Allah's Mercy is (ever) near unto the good-doers." (7:56)
Allah the Almighty said:
"Do they then seek the judgement of (the Days of) Ignorance? And who is better in judgement than Allah for a people who have firm Faith." (5:50)
Abdullah bin Amr bin Al-'Aas (May Allah be pleased with him) narrated that Allah's Messenger (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) said:
"None of you truly believes until his desires are in accordance with what I came with." [An- Nawawi graded this Hadith as Sahih and recorded in Kitab Al-Hujjah with a sound chain of narrators.]
Sha'bi said: "There was a dispute between a Jew and a Munafiq (hypocrite). The Jew said: 'Let us seek a judgement from Muhammad; for he knew that he (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) does not take bribes. The hypocrite said: 'Let us get a judgement from the Jews', because he knew they accepted bribes. Thus, both of them agreed to take their case to a soothsayer in Juhainah. It was on this occasion the verse:
'Have you seen those who claim...' (4:60) was revealed".
Some said that there was a dispute between two men. One of them said: "Let us take the dispute to the Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) for his judgement" but the other said: "Take it to Ka'b bin Al-Ashraf'. Thereafter both of them came 'to Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) One of them told him the story so he asked the other who was not content to take the case to Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) "It is so (as the other said)?" He said, "Yes". He then (Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) ) struck him with his sword and killed him.
Important issues of the Chapter
1) Explanation of the verse in An-Nisa' (4:60) with the emphasis on the understanding of Taghut. 2) Explanation of the verse in Al-Baqarah (2:11):
"And when it is said to them: Make not mischief on the earth" 3) Explanation of the verse in Al-A’raf (7:56):
"And do not do mischief on the earth, after it has been set in order...." 4) Explanation of the verse in Al-Mai’dah (5:50):
"Do they then seek the judgement of (the Days of) Ignorance?" 5) The statement of Sha'bi (May Allah be pleased with him) on the occasion of revelation of the Verse 4:60. 6) The difference between true lman, and the false and feigned Belief. 7) The incidence of Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) with the Munafiq (hypocrite). 8) Nobody attains lman (Belief) until his all desires are in accordance with what Allah's Messenger (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) came with CHAPTER No: 40 (Whosoever denies any of the Names and Attributes of Allah) Allah the Most Exalted said:
"... and they disbelieve in the Most Beneficent (Allah) Say: "He is my Lord! La ilaha ilIa Huwa (none has the right to be worshipped but He)! In Him is my trust, and to Him will be my return with repentance." (13:30)
Narrated Ali (May Allah be pleased with him) :
"You should preach to the people in a way that they can easily understand. Would you like that Allah and His Messenger (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) be denied?" (Al-Bukhari) Abdur-Razzaq reported from Ma'mar from Ibn Tawus from his father that Ibn Abbas ((May Allah be pleased with him)) narrated:
He (Ibn Abbas) saw a man springing to his feet in disapproval of the statement when he heard a Hadith from the Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) about the Divine Attributes. Then he (Ibn Abbas) said, "What type of the fear is of these people!? They find in entirely clear verses that which they fear and are brought to ruin by those verses which are not entirely clear (in which they seek deviant interpretations)."
When the tribe of Quraish heard Allah's Messenger (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) mentioning Ar-Rahman, they denied this Attribute. It was on this occasion that Allah the Almighty revealed the verse:
"And they disbelieve in Ar-Rahman [the Most Beneficent (Allah)]" (13:30)
Important issues of the Chapter
1) The denial of any of the Names or Attributes of Allah casts out one from /man. 2) Detailed account of the verse (13:30). 3) Avoid speaking in a manner which the listener cannot understand clearly. 4) Mentioning the reasons which lead to the denial of Allah and His Messenger (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) even unintentionally. 5) Warning of Ibn Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) to the effect that whoever denies any of the Attributes of Allah, he would be ruined. CHAPTER No: 41 (Recognizing the Grace of Allah, yet denying it is disbelief)
Allah the Almighty said:
"They recognize the Grace of Allah, yet they deny it (by worshipping others besides Allah) and most of them are disbelievers (deny the Prophethood of Muhammad (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) " (16:83)
Mujahid has stated: The sayings of a man as "The wealth is mine. I have inherited it from my elders."
Aun bin Abdullah says: They say, "If so-and-so would not have been, such and such would not have occurred."
Ibn Qutaibah said: "They say that these blessings are the result of their deity's intercession." After the Hadith of Zaid bin Khalid (in Chapter 30), in which Allah said: "In this morning, some of My slaves remained as true believers and some became disbelievers..." Abul-Abbas (Ibn Taimiyah) said: "Such commandments have occurred frequently in Qur' an and Sunnah. Allah condemns those who attribute His Blessings and Mercy to others whom they associate with Him." Some other scholars of earlier days cite its example as -"wind was blowing favourably" and "the sailor was wise and experienced." And likewise are the statements of most of the people.
Important issues of the Chapter
I) Recognition of the blessings and description of their denial. 2) All types of denials are known to the most of the people. 3) Naming such statements as the denial of the blessings. 4) Combination of two opposites in the heart. CHAPTER No: 42 ("Do not set up rivals unto Allah...")
Allah the Almighty said:
"Do not set up rivals (Al-Andad) unto Allah (in worship) while you know (that He Alone has the right to be worshipped)." (2:22)
With reference to the above quoted verse, Ibn Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) said:
"Al-Andad means Shirk. It is as inconspicuous as a black ant moving (crawling) on a black stone in the darkness of night. It is to swear: 'by Allah and by your life' and 'by my life'. It is also to say: 'Had there not been this little dog or the duck in the house, the thief would have entered.' Or, like the statement of a man to his companion: 'By Allah's and yours will,..' or 'Had it not been Allah and so-and-so', etc. Do not mention anybody with Allah because all of it is Shirk." [It has been reported by Ibn Abi Hatim] Umar bin Al-Khattab (May Allah be pleased with him) narrated that Allah's Messenger(May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) said:
"Whoever swears by other than Allah has disbelieved or committed Shirk." [At-Tirmidhi graded this Hadith as Hasan (fair) and Al-Hakim has graded it Sahih (sound)]. Ibn Mas'ud ((May Allah be pleased with him)) said:
"To swear by Allah while lying is more loved by me than to swear by other than Him while speaking truth." Hudaifah (May Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) said:
"Do not say 'With the will of Allah and with the will of that person' but rather say 'With the will of Allah and then with -the will of that person.' " [Abu Dawud reported this Hadith with a Sahih chain]
It is related about Ibrahim Nakhyee that he detested to say: "I seek refuge in Allah and in you," but it is permitted to say: "I seek Allah's refuge first and then yours." He said, "Say 'If not Allah and then so-and-so' and do not say 'If not Allah and so-and-so'"
Important issues of the Chapter
1) Explanation of Al-Andad as is mentioned in verse of Al-Baqarah (2:22). 2) The Companions (May Allah be pleased with him) used to explain that the verses revealed about major Shirk include minor Shirk also. 3) To swear by other than Allah is Shirk. 4) To swear by other than Allah truthfully (believing such) is a far greater sin than to swear by Allah to a lie. 5) The difference between the conjunctions 'wa' (and) and 'thumma' (then). CHAPTER No: 43 What is said about the One who is not satisfied with an Oath taken by Allah's Name
Ibn Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) narrated that Allah's Messenger (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) said:
"Do not swear by your forefathers. Whoever swears by Allah, let him speak the truth. And the one for whom the oath is taken in the Name of Allah, should be satisfied with it, and whoever is not satisfied, is not from the slaves of Allah." [This Hadith was reported by Ibn Majah with good Isnad)]
Important issues of the Chapter
1) To make an oath by forefathers is not allowed. 2) The person for whom an oath by Allah's Name is made, must be acceptant of it. 3) The punishment for the person who is not satisfied by an oath made by Allah's Name. CHAPTER No: 44 How it is to say "What Allah may will and you (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) may will"
Qutailah (May Allah be pleased with him) narrated:
A Jew came to the Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) and said, "Your people commit Shirk when they say: 'By the Will of Allah and (also) with your will', and say: 'By Ka'bah.'" Thereafter, the Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) commanded (the Companions (May Allah be pleased with him)) to swear by saying: "By the Rabb (Lord) of the Ka 'bah and to say "By the Will of Allah and then with your will." [An-Nasa'i mentioned this Hadith and graded it Sahih.]
An-Nasa'i also reported the Hadith of Abdullah bin Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him):
Once a man carne to the Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) and said, "With the Will of Allah and (also) with your will", he (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) then said, "Have you made me an associate with Allah? Rather it is 'what Allah Alone wills.' "
Ibn Majah reported from Tufail (May Allah be pleased with him) 'Aishah's brother from her mother's side, that he narrated:
I had a dream in which I carne upon a group of Jews and said to them, "You are indeed a good people had you not claimed Uzair (May Allah be pleased with him) the son of Allah." Then they said, "You too are good if you do not say: 'What Allah may will and Muhammad may will.' After that, I carne upon a group of Christians and said to them, "You are indeed a good people if you do not claim Christ, the son of Allah," then they said, "You too are good if you do not say: 'What Allah may will and Muhammad may will.'" Then the following morning, I narrated the above event to some, and carne to the Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) . and repeated the whole event. He (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) asked, "Have you told this to anybody else?" I said, "Yes", Then he (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) went to his pulpit and after offering praises to Allah said, "Tufail had a dream which he already had communicated to some of you, You used to say a sentence which due to some hesitation (that Allah did not reveal in this regard) I could not prevent you from, Henceforth, do not say: 'What Allah may will and Muhammad may will' but say: 'What Allah may will Alone.' "
Important issues of the Chapter
1) The Jews were aware of the consequences of minor Shirk. 2) Man's understanding of the Shirk if he wishes to. 3) The statement of the Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) "Have you made me an associate with Allah." How condemnable is the poet who said:
"O noblest of the creatures, there is none for me but you to seek refuge in distress." 4) This is not the major Shirk as the Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) said: "I was prevented from doing so for such and such ..." 5) A true dream is a kind of revelation. 6) The sound and true dream may be reason for initiating some rulings in the Shari'ah. CHAPTER No: 45 Whoever curses Time has wronged Allah
Allah the Almighty said:
"And they say: There is nothing but our life of this world, we die and we live and nothing destroys us except Ad-Dahr (the time). And they have no knowledge of it, they only conjecture." (45:24)
Narrated Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) said:
"Allah said, 'The son of Adam wrongs me for he curses Ad-Dahr (the time); though I am Ad- Dahr (the Time), in My Hands are all things, and I cause the revolution of day and night." (Al-Bukhari)
In another version wherein it is said:
"Do not abuse Ad-Dahr (the time); for Allah is Ad-Dahr".
Important issues of the Chapter
1) Cursing Ad-Dahr (the time) is forbidden. 2) Abusing Ad-Dahr (the time) is in fact to wrong Allah. 3) Contemplation of the statement of the Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) "Verily Allah is Ad-Dahr". 4) Something may be an abuse even if such was not the heartfelt intention (of the abuser). CHAPTER No: 46 To be named "Judge of Judges" and the like
Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) said:
"The most perfidious (awful/meanest) name to Allah is (that of) a man calling himself Malik Al-Amlak (the king of kings). In fact, there is no king but Allah". (Al-Bukhari)
Sufyan said, "Another example is the title of Shahanshah."
In another version:
"Allah will be most enraged on the Day of Judgement, and the most wicked (will be a man who has given himself the title of 'king of kings ')"
And the word Akhna' (May Allah be pleased with him) means "lowest, meanest," (Auda (May Allah be pleased with him)).
Important issues of the Chapter
1) Prohibition of applying the title 'king of kings' to anyone. 2) Prohibition of applying any other similar connotation as in the example given by Sufyan (May Allah be pleased with him) 3) Comprehension and understanding of the gravity of the Prophet's saying despite that one may not intend the ugly or worst meaning of it in his heart. 4) Realization and understanding this account of Allah being Most High and Unapproachable in His Greatness and without any shortcomings (unlike the worldly 'king'). CHAPTER No: 47 Respect for the Names of Allah and changing one's name for the sake of that
It is narrated from Abu Shuraih (May Allah be pleased with him) :
His Kunyah (nickname) was Abul-Hakam. So the Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) once said to him, "Allah is Al-Hakam (the Judge); and His Judgement is to prevail." Then Abu Shuraih said, "My people come to me for adjudication of their disputes; and when I judge between them, both parties are pleased with my judgement." The Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) rejoined, "How excellent is this! Do you have any children?" I said, "Yes, Shuraih, Muslim and Abdullah." Then the Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) asked, "Who is the eldest?" I said, "Shuraih," then the Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) said, "You are henceforth to be called Abu Shuraih."
Abu Dawud and other collectors have mentioned this Hadith in their books.
Important issues of the Chapter
1) Respect for the Names and Attributes of Allah, though its actual meaning was not intended (by the user for himself) 2) Changing the name on account of that. 3) Taking the eldest child's name as Kunyah. CHAPTER No: 48 Who makes fun of anything where mention is made of Allah or the Qur'an or the Messenger (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) Commits disbelief Allah the Most Exalted said:
“If you ask them (about this), they declare: 'We were only talking idly and joking.' Say: 'Was it at Allah (May Allah be pleased with him) and His Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) and His Messenger (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) that you were mocking? ' " (9:65)